The short version
- The most common Ford wheel bearing complaint is not a bearing at all. On 4×4 trucks it is the vacuum hub system.
- IWE, the integrated wheel end, grinds when it partially engages. It has been fitted since 2004 on F-150, Expedition and Navigator.
- The test costs nothing. Shift into four wheel drive, and if the noise disappears it is the IWE rather than the hub.
- Ford front hubs are bolt on units, so the job is mechanical rather than a press job.
Ford is the largest single source of wheel bearing questions on this site, and the F-150 alone accounts for more of them than most entire brands. A good share of those questions have the wrong suspect.
Sorting the vacuum system from the bearing is the first thing to do on any four wheel drive Ford truck.
The Ford wheel bearing problem that is not a bearing
An IWE lets the front wheels turn while the front axle shafts stay still, which saves fuel. Engine vacuum holds the hub disengaged.
Lose that vacuum and the hub partially engages. The gear teeth then chatter against each other, and it sounds exactly like a failing bearing.
The usual culprits are a failed check valve, a cracked vacuum line or water in the system. The check valve is the single most reported cause.
Get the noise happening, then shift into four wheel drive. That removes vacuum and locks the hub fully.
If the grinding stops, the bearing is fine and the IWE system is the fault. A bad bearing does not care what the transfer case is doing.
The general version of this is on the impostors page and the grinding page.
What Fords actually use
| Vehicle group | Front | Rear |
|---|---|---|
| F-150 and larger trucks | Bolt on hub unit | Axle bearing in the housing |
| Explorer, Escape, Edge | Bolt on hub unit | Bolt on hub unit |
| Focus, Fiesta, Fusion | Pressed into the knuckle | Bolt on hub unit |
| Mustang | Bolt on hub unit | Bolt on hub unit |
Read the first column. Bolt on means four bolts through the back of the knuckle and no press, which is the friendlier version of this job.
The distinction is explained on the bearing or hub page and the press in page.
The bolts are the real difficulty
The four hub bolts pass through the knuckle from behind and corrode in place, especially on trucks in salt states.
Heat, penetrating oil and patience beat force. A snapped bolt turns a two hour job into a much longer one.
Those situations are on the hub bolts page and the broken bolt page.
Trucks carry a heavier bearing life penalty
Bearing life falls steeply with load, not in proportion to it. A loaded or towing truck is not slightly harder on bearings. It is a lot harder.
Larger tires and wheel spacers make it worse again. They move the contact patch outboard, which lengthens the lever the bearing must resist.
The arithmetic is on the load rating page, the towing page and the spacers page.
Sorting a Ford wheel bearing complaint
- On a 4×4 truck, do the four wheel drive test first, before assuming anything.
- Rock the wheel at twelve and six with the wheel raised, feeling for play.
- Weave gently at road speed to see whether the noise follows load onto one side.
- Compare hub temperatures after a drive, since one hot corner is meaningful.
- Check the tires, because cupped tread produces the same hum on a truck as on anything else.
The methods are on the checking page, the which side page and the tire noise page.
What it costs on a Ford
A bolt on front hub is one of the cheaper versions of this repair on labor, because there is no press work and no machine shop trip.
Parts run higher on four wheel drive trucks than on cars, and the rear of a truck is a different job entirely because it is an axle bearing rather than a hub unit.
Current figures are on the front cost page, the rear cost page and the labor page.
Common questions
Why does my Ford truck grind at the front?
On a 4×4 it is often the IWE vacuum hub partially engaging rather than the bearing. Shift into four wheel drive and see if it stops.
Is a Ford wheel bearing a press in job?
Usually not. Most Ford trucks and SUVs use a bolt on hub unit held by four bolts through the knuckle.
Which Fords ask about this most?
The F-150 by a wide margin, then Explorer, Focus, Escape and Ranger.
Do bigger tires kill Ford wheel bearings?
They shorten their life. Moving the contact patch outboard increases the load the bearing carries for the same driving.
What usually makes the job difficult?
The four hub bolts corroding into the knuckle. The bearing itself is normally the easy part.
Does the ABS light come on?
Often, because the wheel speed encoder is built into the hub on most of these vehicles.
Can I replace just the bearing?
On a bolt on hub, no. The unit is sealed and replaced complete.
By model
- Crown Victoria Wheel Bearings: a Fleet Maintenance Log wheel bearings
- Escape Wheel Bearings: Parking Assist Changes It wheel bearings
- Explorer Wheel Bearings: The Part Recall to Know wheel bearings
- F-150 Wheel Bearings: IWE First, Then the Hub wheel bearings
- F-250 Wheel Bearings: Load Is the Life Limiter wheel bearings
- Focus Wheel Bearings: One End Is a Home Job wheel bearings
- Ford Bronco Wheel Bearings: Check the Locking Hubs First wheel bearings
- Ford Contour Wheel Bearings: the American Mondeo wheel bearings
- Ford Econoline Wheel Bearings: the Van Time Forgot wheel bearings
- Ford Escort Wheel Bearings: Million-Seller Parts Forever wheel bearings
- Ford Excursion wheel bearings
- Ford Expedition Wheel Bearings: The ABS Cord Length Split wheel bearings
- Ford F-350 Wheel Bearings: Single or Dual Rear Wheels wheel bearings
- Ford Fiesta Wheel Bearings: One Number, Six Years wheel bearings
- Ford Five Hundred Wheel Bearings: the Name Died, Parts Lived wheel bearings
- Ford Flex Wheel Bearings: One Number and One Asterisk wheel bearings
- Ford Freestyle Wheel Bearings from the Sedan Parts Bin wheel bearings
- Ford Mustang Wheel Bearings: The Suspension Package Split wheel bearings
- Ford Probe Wheel Bearings: Built With Mazda, Split by ABS wheel bearings
- Ford Raptor Wheel Bearings: Built for the Landing wheel bearings
- Ford Taurus Wheel Bearings: The SHO Package Split wheel bearings
- Ford Thunderbird Wheel Bearings and the Jaguar Inside wheel bearings
- Ford Transit Connect Wheel Bearings: the Small Van Story wheel bearings
- Ford Transit Wheel Bearings: Single or Dual Rear Wheels wheel bearings
- Ford Windstar Wheel Bearings and the Handed Freestar Era wheel bearings
- Fusion Wheel Bearings: A One Day Build Cutoff wheel bearings
- Ranger Wheel Bearings: Check the Connector Shape wheel bearings